Our Discoveries

New mechanism for regulating differentiation discovered in human embryonic stem cells

Researchers in the Center for Cancer Research have discovered a new mechanism involving a nuclease complex called the RNA exosome that represses differentiation of human embryonic stem cells. This represents the first time this mechanism has been studied in these cells.

Gene-regulating microRNAs gain control over hundreds of new genes with common sequence modification

MicroRNAs have an enormous influence over what happens inside cells. By blocking the activity of specific sets of genes, they help control virtually every known biological pathway and process. Disruptions in microRNAs have been linked to many diseases, and understanding how these molecules function, which genes they control and how they themselves are regulated are high priorities in cancer research.

Gastrointestinal tumors harbor T cells that recognize patients’ unique tumor antigens

CCR scientists, led by Steven A. Rosenberg, M.D., Ph.D., have determined that many common gastrointestinal tumors bear mutations capable of eliciting an immune response, suggesting that immunotherapy could be an effective way to treat these common cancers.

Human T cell (blue) is under attack by HIV (yellow)

Research shows long noncoding RNA influences expression of key HIV receptor

New research from the Center for Cancer Research has identified a long noncoding RNA that influences the expression of CCR5, a receptor that HIV uses to infect immune cells. The finding points to the molecule as a potential marker that indicates a patient’s susceptibility to the virus.

Live-cell fluorescence imaging showing Rabin8, labeled green, binding to Rab11a, labeled red, minutes after serum starvation in

Akt protein kinase pathway regulates key step in the initiation of cilia formation

CCR investigators have discovered that activating the Akt protein kinase pathway stabilizes the binding of the WDR44 protein to the Rab11 protein. This prevents Rab11 from binding to the Rabin8 protein, thereby blocking cilia formation. When Akt is inactive, though, Rab11 instead is bound by FIP3, enhancing its binding to Rabin8, which helps initiate cilia formation. Since abnormalities in cilia formation are associated with a number of types of cancer, these findings point to several potential targets for cancer therapy.

Bacterial compound targets cancer-promoting RNA

Screening more than 3,000 natural products identified a compound that stops the growth of cancer cells by targeting a growth-promoting microRNA.

Photomicrograph showing graft-versus-host disease in the skin

Cyclophosphamide works in an unexpected way to curb graft-vs-host disease in mice

For years it has been assumed that cyclophosphamide helps reduce the severity of graft-versus-host disease by eliminating alloreactive T cells, but new evidence reveals a different reason.

Majority of patients with advanced multiple myeloma respond to CAR T-cell therapy targeting an anti-B-cell maturation antigen in a phase I trial

A phase I clinical trial of 33 patients infused with a CAR T-cell therapy using T cells genetically engineered to express an anti-B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) CAR showed that 85 percent of patients had the burden of their advanced multiple myeloma cut by half or more.

Heritable mutations may indicate responsiveness to platinum chemotherapy in malignant mesothelioma

In a genetic analysis of 434 patients with malignant mesothelioma who had undergone platinum chemotherapy, those who carried heritable mutations in BAP1and other DNA repair genes had significantly longer overall survival than those without these mutations. The findings hint at personalized approaches to the disease.

Three-dimensional structure of HIV infected and uninfected T cells interacting

Envelope glycoprotein mutations allow HIV-1 to escape antiretroviral therapy in a lab-based study

CCR investigators have discovered that HIV-1 can compensate for a variety of mutations that block its replication by acquiring mutations in the envelope glycoprotein. Because antiretroviral therapies work by inhibiting viral replication, these findings may have implications for HIV-1 drug resistance.

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