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Yamini Dalal, Ph.D.

Yamini Dalal, Ph.D.

  • Center for Cancer Research
  • National Cancer Institute

RESEARCH SUMMARY

Our lab focuses on proteins called histones, which package the entirety of the human genome into a nucleoprotein complex called chromatin. Specific regions of chromatin are prone to fragility and chromosomal rearrangements in cancer cells. Consequently, understanding how this protein complex is mis-regulated is important in understanding chromosome fragility. Using a combination of chromatin biochemistry, computational modeling, single molecule microscopy, genetics, genomics and cell biology, we are currently investigating whether histone complexes can adopt alternate structural conformations in cancer cells, and the functional consequences of such alterations upon the cancer epigenome.

Areas of Expertise

Chromatin/Nucleosome Structure
Epigenetics
Atomic Force and Electron Microscopy

Publications

Selected Key Publications

Oncogenic lncRNAs alter epigenetic memory at a fragile chromosomal site in human cancer cells

Arunkumar, Ganesan., Baek, Songjoon., Sturgill, David., Bui, Minh, & Dalal, Yamini
Science Advances. Vol 8, Issue 9: 2022.
Full-Text Article
[ Journal Article ]

Job Opening for Nucleosome Mechanic: Flexibility Required

Pitman M, Melters DP, Dalal Y.
Cells. 9(3): 580, 2020. [ Journal Article ]

Minimal Cylinder Analysis Reveals the Mechanical Properties of Oncogenic Nucleosomes

Pitman M, Dalal Y, Papoian GA.
Biophys J. 118: 1-10, 2020. [ Journal Article ]

Intrinsic elasticity of nucleosomes is encoded by histone variants and calibrated by their binding partners

Daniel Melters, Mary Pitman, Tatini Rakshit, Emilios Dimitriadis, Minh Bui, Garyk Papoain and Yamini Dalal
PNAS. 116 (48): 24066-24074, 2019. [ Journal Article ]

HJURP antagonizes CENP-A mislocalization driven by the H3.3 chaperones HIRA and DAXX

Jonathan Nye, David Sturgill, Rajbir Athwal and Yamini Dalal
PLoS One. 13(10): e0205948, 2018. [ Journal Article ]

Job Vacancies

We have no open positions in our group at this time, please check back later.

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News

News from Our Lab

Disruption of the MSL complex inhibits tumour maintenance by exacerbating chromosomal instability

Nature Cell Biology 23: 401-412, 2021

Rewiring of cellular programmes in malignant cells generates cancer-specific vulnerabilities. Here, using an unbiased screening strategy aimed at identifying non-essential genes required by tumour cells to sustain unlimited proliferative capacity, we identify the male-specific lethal (MSL) acetyltransferase complex as a vulnerability of genetically unstable cancers. We find that disruption of the MSL complex and consequent loss of the associated H4K16ac mark do not substantially alter transcriptional programmes but compromise chromosome integrity and promote chromosomal instability (CIN) that progressively exhausts the proliferative potential of cancer cells through a p53-independent This effect is dependent on pre-existing genomic instability, and normal cells are insensitive to MSL disruption. Using cell- and patient-derived xenografts from multiple cancer types, we show that excessive CIN induced by MSL disruption inhibits tumour maintenance. Our findings suggest that targeting MSL may be a valuable means to increase CIN beyond the level tolerated by cancer cells without inducing severe adverse effects in normal tissues. View Full-Text Article.

Chromatin:  Nucleosomal dynamics at centromeres

Nature Reviews Genetics 13: 597, 2012

This review article by Darren J. Burgess highlights Minh Bui's research paper, "Cell-cycle-dependent structural transitions in the human CENP-A nucleosome in vivo" (Cell 150: 317–326, 2012) as one of two important studies that shed light on the cell-cycle-regulated stoichiometry of centromeric nucleosomes. View Full-Text Article.

Covers

A "construction worker" lncRNA hammering a CENP-A "nail" into a chromosome, causing a break.

Oncogenic lncRNAs alter epigenetic memory at a fragile chromosomal site in human cancer cells

Published Date

About the Featured Article

In cancer cells, histone H3 variant CENP-A is innately overexpressed and mislocalized to regions outside centromeres, typically to chromosome arms and telomeres. Transcription and transcripts of specific oncogenic lncRNAs could serve as a recruitment signal for CENP-A mislocalization. Thus, the oncogenic lncRNA-based mechanism of CENP-A mislocalization can generate aberrant epigenetic signatures resulting in chromosome breaks and amplification in the cancer epigenome.

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.abl5621

Abstract

Chromosome instability is a critical event in cancer progression. Histone H3 variant CENP-A plays a fundamental role in defining centromere identity, structure, and function but is innately overexpressed in several types of solid cancers. In the cancer background, excess CENP-A is deposited ectopically on chromosome arms, including 8q24/cMYC locus, by invading transcription-coupled H3.3 chaperone pathways. Up-regulation of lncRNAs in many cancers correlates with poor prognosis and recurrence in patients. We report that transcription of 8q24-derived oncogenic lncRNAs plays an unanticipated role in altering the 8q24 chromatin landscape by H3.3 chaperone–mediated deposition of CENP-A–associated complexes. Furthermore, a transgene cassette carrying specific 8q24-derived lncRNA integrated into a naïve chromosome locus recruits CENP-A to the new location in a cis-acting manner. These data provide a plausible mechanistic link between locus-specific oncogenic lncRNAs, aberrant local chromatin structure, and the generation of new epigenetic memory at a fragile site in human cancer cells.

Citation

SCIENCE ADVANCES, 2 Mar 2022, Vol 8, Issue 9. DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abl5621

Schematic representation of H1 binding modes.

A Glitch in the Snitch: the role of linker histone H1 in shaping the epigenome in normal and diseased cells

Published Date

About the cover

Schematic representation of H1 binding modes. Image credit: Ankita Saha and Yamini Dalal.

Taken from Open Biology article “A Glitch in the Snitch: the role of linker histone H1 in shaping the epigenome in normal and diseased cells” DOI: 10.1098/rsob.210124

Abstract

Histone H1s or the linker histones are a family of dynamic chromatin compacting proteins that are essential for higher-order chromatin organization. These highly positively charged proteins were previously thought to function solely as repressors of transcription. However, over the last decade, there is a growing interest in understanding this multi-protein family, finding that not all variants act as repressors. Indeed, the H1 family members appear to have distinct affinities for chromatin and may potentially affect distinct functions. This would suggest a more nuanced contribution of H1 to chromatin organization. The advent of new technologies to probe H1 dynamics in vivo, combined with powerful computational biology, and in vitro imaging tools have greatly enhanced our knowledge of the mechanisms by which H1 interacts with chromatin. This family of proteins can be metaphorically compared to the Golden Snitch from the Harry Potter series, buzzing on and off several regions of the chromatin, in combat with competing transcription factors and chromatin remodellers, thereby critical to the epigenetic endgame on short and long temporal scales in the life of the nucleus. Here, we summarize recent efforts spanning structural, computational, genomic and genetic experiments which examine the linker histone as an unseen architect of chromatin fibre in normal and diseased cells and explore unanswered fundamental questions in the field.

Citation

Saha Ankita and Dalal Yamini 2021 A glitch in the snitch: the role of linker histone H1 in shaping the epigenome in normal and diseased cells Open Biol. 11210124210124  http://doi.org/10.1098/rsob.210124

Journal of Molecular Biology Cover - March 19, 2021; Vol. 433, Issue 6

Diving into Chromatin Across Time and Space

Published Date

About the Cover:

This special issue “Diving into chromatin structure across space and time” highlights the application of cutting-edge approaches to further illuminate transactions that occur on, and by, the chromatin fiber. Appropriately for this year of covid, where virtual life is a simulacrum of reality, we start at one end of the scale - computational modeling of dynamic nucleoprotein complexes.

Citation

Dalal Y, Panchenko AR. Diving into Chromatin across Space and Time. J Mol Biol. 2021 Mar 19;433(6):166884. doi: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.166884. Epub 2021 Feb 20. PMID: 33621519.

Promiscuous histone mis-assembly is actively prevented by chaperones

Promiscuous histone mis-assembly is actively prevented by chaperones

Published Date

About the Cover

Chaperone HJURP drives the proper loading of protein CENP-A to the centromere of a chromosome. The effect of HJURP on CENP-A's structural dynamics are observed and explained using dual-resolution in silico simulations, while in vivo experiments demonstrate how CENP-A mutations influence its specific localization in human cells.

Abstract

Histone proteins are essential for the organization, expression, and inheritance of genetic material for eukaryotic cells. A centromere-specific H3 histone variant, centromere protein A (CENP-A), shares about 50% amino acid sequence identity with H3. CENP-A is required for packaging the centromere and for the proper separation of chromosomes during mitosis. Despite their distinct biological functions, previously reported crystal structures of the CENP-A/H4 and H3/H4 dimers reveal a high degree of similarity. In this work, we characterize the structural dynamics of CENP-A/H4 and H3/H4 dimers based on a dual-resolution approach, using both microsecond-scale explicit-solvent all-atom and coarse-grained (CG) molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Our data show that the H4 histone is significantly more rigid compared with the H3 histone and its variant CENP-A, hence, serving as a reinforcing structural element within the histone core. We report that the CENP-A/H4 dimer is significantly more dynamic than its canonical counterpart H3/H4, and our results provide a physical explanation for this flexibility. Further, we observe that the centromere-specific chaperone Holliday Junction Recognition Protein (HJURP) stabilizes the CENP-A/H4 dimer by forming a specific electrostatic interaction network. Finally, replacing CENP-A S68 with E68 disrupts the binding interface between CENP-A and HJURP in all-atom MD simulation, and consistently, in vivo experiments demonstrate that replacing CENP-A S68 with E68 disrupts CENP-A’s localization to the centromere. Based on all our results, we propose that, during the CENP-A/H4 deposition process, the chaperone HJURP protects various substructures of the dimer, serving both as a folding and binding chaperone.

Citation

Promiscuous histone mis-assembly is actively prevented by chaperones. Zhao, Haiqing+; Winogradoff, David+; Bui, Minh; Dalal, Yamini*; and Papoian, Garegin*.  J Am Chem Soc. 138(40):  13083-13446,  2016. +equal contribution; *corresponding authors.  Note:  Haiqing Zhao is a joint graduate student who was funded for 2 years by the NCI-University of Maryland Partnership for Integrative Cancer Research.

Alumni

Ankita Saha, Ph.D., Albert Einstein College of Medicine
Ankita Saha, Ph.D., Albert Einstein College of Medicine
2019-2022
Postdoctoral Fellow (Visiting)
Tatini Rakshit, Ph.D., DST-Inspire Faculty Fellow, Bose Institute, India
Tatini Rakshit, Ph.D., DST-Inspire Faculty Fellow, Bose Institute, India
2016-2018
Postdoctoral Fellow (Visiting)
Haiqing Zhao, Ph.D., Postdoctoral Fellow, Barry Honig Lab, Columbia University
Haiqing Zhao, Ph.D., Postdoctoral Fellow, Barry Honig Lab, Columbia University
2014-2018
Pre-doctoral Fellow
Marcin Walkiewicz, Ph.D., SPM Core Facility Director, Stanford University
Marcin Walkiewicz, Ph.D., SPM Core Facility Director, Stanford University
2011-2015
Postdoctoral fellow (visiting)
Serene Roque, M.Sc., Research Specialist, SeraCare Life Sciences
Serene Roque, M.Sc., Research Specialist, SeraCare Life Sciences
2015-2017
Postbaccalaureate fellow
Jon Nye, Ph.D., Health Grants Analyst, OD, NIAID, NIH
Jon Nye, Ph.D., Health Grants Analyst, OD, NIAID, NIH
2014-2018
Postdoctoral Fellow (CRTA)
Delphine Quenet, Ph.D., Assistant Professor, University of Vermont
Delphine Quenet, Ph.D., Assistant Professor, University of Vermont
2011-2015
Postdoctoral Fellow
Song Fu, M.D. Resident Doctor, Yale New Haven Hospital
Song Fu, M.D. Resident Doctor, Yale New Haven Hospital
2012-2015
Postbaccalaureate fellow
Marin Olson, Medical Student, University of Minnesota
Marin Olson, Medical Student, University of Minnesota
2015-2016
Postbaccalaureate fellow
Catherine Volle, Ph.D., Assistant Professor, Cottey College
Catherine Volle, Ph.D., Assistant Professor, Cottey College
2013-2014
Postdoctoral Fellow
Paul Donlin-Asp, Ph.D., Postdoctoral fellow, MPi-Brain, Heidelberg, Germany
Paul Donlin-Asp, Ph.D., Postdoctoral fellow, MPi-Brain, Heidelberg, Germany
2010-2013
Postbaccalaureate fellow